程序性细胞死亡因子10抑制Ⅰ型干扰素表达并促进FMDV复制

旨在探究宿主蛋白程序性细胞死亡因子10（programmed cell death factor 10，PDCD10）通过抑制Ⅰ型干扰素表达进而促进口蹄疫病毒（foot-and-mouth disease virus，FMDV）的复制。首先，本研究验证了过表达和沉默PDCD10对FMDV复制的影响，接着利用双荧光素酶报告系统探究PDCD10对Ⅰ型干扰素信号通路活化的影响，最后，利用实时荧光定量PCR探究PDCD10对Ⅰ型干扰素通路下游刺激基因（IFN-stimulated genes，ISGs）转录的影响。结果表明，过表达PDCD10显著促进FMDV的复制，沉默PDCD10显著抑制FMDV的复制。与对照相比，过表达PDCD10后感染仙台病毒（Sendai virus，SeV）的细胞培养液上清液显著促进FMDV复制，进一步，PDCD10显著抑制SeV诱导的IFN-β启动子以及NF-κB的激活且呈剂量依赖性，并且PDCD10负调控Ⅰ型干扰素通路信号分子转录，最后还发现PDCD10负调控Ⅰ型干扰素下游ISGs转录。本研究结果为深入探究PDCD10在抗病毒天然免疫中的作用积累了资料。     

60Co-γ射线辐照处理对4种药用植物种子萌发的影响

用不同剂量60Co-γ射线对益母草、蒲公英、车前、紫苏种子进行辐照处理,测定这4种药用植物种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数等指标,了解60Co-γ射线辐照对其种子萌发的影响,为这4种药用植物的新品种选育提供参考。结果表明,60Co-γ射线对4种药用植物种子具有较强的诱发突变能力,辐照剂量与种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、苗高、苗鲜重均呈负相关,其中与苗高的相关性达极显著水平。益母草和蒲公英种子的半致死剂量大于400 Gy,车前种子的半致死剂量在300~400 Gy之间,紫苏种子的半致死剂量在50~100 Gy之间。     

应用响应面优化辣木γ-氨基丁酸富集工艺研究

通过富集方式和干燥方法的单因素实验,最陡爬坡试验和响应面设计,优化辣木鲜叶γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的富集工艺。建立的辣木鲜叶中GABA最适富集条件为辣木鲜叶在45℃下,真空处理34 h,然后50℃干燥。该条件处理的辣木GABA含量为(19.70±0.16)mg/g,是对照的2.63倍。     

Quantitative trait loci responsible for the difference in γ-oryzanol content in brown rice between japonica-type and indica-type rice cultivars

γ-Oryzanol is a main oleophilic component in rice bran oil and has been well recognized as a good dietary supplement for human health, as well as having uses in industrial materials. japonica-type rice cultivars generally showed significantly higher contents of total γ-oryzanol in brown rice compared with indica-type cultivars, although within-group variation was significant. The objective of this study was to explore quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the difference in the γ-oryzanol content between japonica-type and indica-type rice cultivars, using recombinant inbred lines (RILs), backcross inbred lines (BILs), and corresponding chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from crosses between japonica-type and indica-type. Results from RILs and BILs showed that eight QTLs were detected with R² from .09 to .16. Nine candidate regions for QTL were also suggested from corresponding CSSLs. These QTLs from RILs and BILs and the candidate regions from CSSLs were not overlapped, although one QTLs was mapped near the boundaries of the respective candidate region. At four QTLs and three candidate regions, alleles or segments from japonica-type caused higher contents than those from indica-type. On the other hand, at the other four QTLs and six candidate regions, alleles or segments from indica-type caused higher contents than those from japonica-type, which is a reverse result to the parental differences. This result strongly suggested that alleles with increasing effects on γ-oryzanol content could be accumulated not only from japonica-type but also from indica-type, leading to a potential for increase in γ-oryzanol content in future breeding programs.     

γ⁃戊内酯的制备及其在纤维素生物质转化方面的应用

γ-戊内酯是以木质纤维素生物质为原料制备的一种潜力巨大的平台化合物,它既可转化为高密度燃料、相关高分子材料以及其他高价值化学品,也可作为绿色溶剂促进木质生物质向其他高值方向转化。在化石能源日益紧俏、环境问题日益严重的今天,对γ-戊内酯进行深入研究显得尤为重要。但在实际生产中,仍存在产量低、除杂难等经济环保类问题需要解决。基于γ-戊内酯研究的最新进展,从γ-戊内酯的制备与应用两方面进行了论述,综述了生物质催化生产γ-戊内酯的研究进展,说明不同底物生产γ-戊内酯的理论基础与优缺点,并以贵金属和非贵金属催化剂为界,分类讨论了多种用于合成γ-戊内酯的催化剂。最后,结合γ-戊内酯在纤维素生物质转化应用方面的进展情况,探索了γ-戊内酯与其他相关有机物之间的制备关系,为γ-戊内酯的进一步开发利用提供了思路。     

Serum amyloid A (SAA) mRNA expression in chicken and quails in response to bacterial stress

Monitoring of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A at gene expression level may provide quick information about immune status of the host and its susceptibility towards common infections. Present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the mRNA expression of SAA gene in Rhode Island Red chicken (RIR) and Japanese quails using real time PCR analysis in response to inactivated Salmonella gallinarum culture. The results showed that expression of SAA gene was approximately 17–33 folds higher in case of birds administered with bacterial culture when compared to un-inoculated controls and expression was higher and quicker in case of quails than RIR chicken. The SAA genes from chicken and quail were cloned and upon sequence analysis it was observed that deduced amino acid sequence of SAA from chicken and quails were having approximately seven percent variation which might have significance in function of this protein in these species.     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling

Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.     

Cytokine profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with cystic echinococcosis

IntroductionCystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), which affects domestic and wild carnivores as the definitive host and ungulates as intermediate hosts. In intermediate hosts, both Th1 and Th2 cells are involved in the immune responses to an echinoccocal infection. This study aimed to investigate production of IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CE patients before and after surgical treatment.MethodsTo evaluate cytokine production in response to E. granulosus antigens, we investigated IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ production in PBMCs of 20 CE patients in response to hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag) before and after surgical treatment using ELISA.ResultsThe mean IL-4 production from HCF-Ag stimulated PBMCs was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while IFN-γ was significantly increased in HCF-Ag stimulated PBMCs in patients after surgery (p = 0.005).Furthermore, our results showed that there is no significant difference between IL-10 production in patients before and after treatment (p = 0.562).ConclusionsOur data Indicated production of IL-4 in cultured PBMCs of CE patients stimulated with HCF-Ag was decreased significantly. While, production of IFN-γ was increased significantly in responses to HCF Ag after surgery. We concluded that the evaluation of IL-4 and IFN-γ in HCF-Ag stimulated PBMCs of CE patients should be considered as a useful marker in the follow up of patients with cystic echinococcosis.     

施氮量对一年生黑麦草光合特性的影响

为了探究不同施氮量对一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lamk.)光合特性的影响。本研究以‘特高’宽叶型一年生黑麦草为供试材料,采用盆栽试验,设置了4个处理组,分别为:CK对照组(不施肥)、C1低氮处理组(施鸡粪0.38 kg/m^2,即氮100 kg/hm^2)、C2中氮处理组(施鸡粪0.76 kg/m^2,即氮200 kg/hm^2)、C3高氮处理组(施鸡粪1.34 kg/m^2,即氮350 kg/hm^2)。利用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定开花期一年生黑麦草叶片的主要光合参数和光合特性的变化。结果表明:200 kg/hm^2施氮水平的表观量子效率(apparent quantum yield,AQY)和光饱和点(light saturation point,LSP)最高(分别为12.80 μmol·m^-2·s^-1和1 774.47 μmol·m^-2·s^-1),光能利用区间最大。350 kg/hm^2施氮水平下气孔导度(stomatal conductance,Gs)以及蒸腾速率(transpiration rate,Tr)显著低于其它处理,水分利用力(water use efficiency,WUE)强,但光呼吸速率(photorespiratory rate,Pr)较高,不利于干物质积累。同时,0?200 kg/hm^2施氮范围内,随着光照强度和CO2浓度的增加,各处理的净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn)均随之增加,但350 kg/hm^2施氮水平下叶片净光合速率的增加反而低于200 kg/hm^2施氮水平。合理的施氮量对黑麦草的光响应和CO2浓度响应曲线有明显的调节作用。在本试验条件下,施氮量为200 kg/hm^2最佳。     

γ-戊内酯/水复合溶剂体系中金属硫酸盐催化半纤维素定向转化制备糠醛

以廉价金属硫酸盐为催化剂,在γ-戊内酯/水复合溶剂中催化半纤维素定向转化制备糠醛,糠醛得率高达50.2%,半纤维素液化转化率达95.5%。在γ-戊内酯/水复合溶剂中,以金属硫酸盐为催化剂进一步研究了直接催化木质纤维生物质原料玉米芯和竹粉定向转化制备糠醛,其中糠醛得率分别达39.5%、29.7%,木质纤维原料液化转化率分别达86.5%、80.5%。